This information posts the fresh new AMS fourteen C schedules off thirteen ponies in the past allotted to the newest Migration period, and osteometric data and you can chronilogical age of ponies discover during the Lithuanian cemeteries of third–14th C Post, over two hundred some body as a whole. The analysis results fixed the current chronology of your own burials, and also the osteometric investigation enabled a new comparison regarding if the ponies about Migration months really are exceptional in size during the new context out of Lithuanian horses from the 3rd so you can 14th C Advertisement. The newest plentiful research together with invited an assessment of the development of the dimensions and you can ages of the horses for the Lithuania involving the third and you will 14th C Post.

dos.step one. Zooarchaeological Study

Almost eight hundred pony skeletal stays included in Lithuanian burial sites away from the next–14th C Post have been assessed ( Figure 1 ); not, due to bad preservation, simply more than 200 everyone was suitable for subsequent proportions and you can many years investigation. The latest burial websites was indeed divided into three chronological teams. All in all, 21 folks from 6 burial web sites were tasked into Late Roman–post-Migration period (3rd–seventh C Advertising); 13 horses using this several months had been directly AMS 14 C-old. They certainly were someone picked toward 87 Sr/ 86 Sr data, the outcome at which are typed into the a unique publication . In order to differentiate anywhere between ponies (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and you will mules, the newest methods explained because of the Johnstone was adopted.

Area from internet sites mentioned about text: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.

Many, except for eight some one, was indeed based in the Marvele burial web site into the main Lithuania. Evaluation of your own archaeological context therefore the grave merchandise lets to grow dating of some of your burials with the twelfth C Offer. Ergo, brand new formal prevent of Viking several months (1066) wasn’t taken into consideration, both because of the approximate relationship of them burial internet and by historical and you may archaeological context: zero biggest break-in the history regarding Lithuania through to the place of one’s county on 13th C Offer is observed.

Horses away from around three burial internet sites dating back to the latest thirteen–14th C Post had been assigned to the brand new medieval period. In this situation, some of the burials might actually day into the twelfth C Advertising but they are hard to separate about later of those. This new medieval horse class plus provided skeleton away from horses out-of a couple of castles and one town of the brand new 13–14th C Ad: twenty-five metatarsals and you will metacarpals was in fact picked from Kernave medieval urban area, 9 about Vilnius Straight down castle, and you can 8 of Memelburg, new palace of your own Teutonic Buy, present-big date Klaipeda. You will find included horses throughout the payment internet sites so you’re able to offer since objective an image of gothic ponies you could, established not just into folks from average burial internet but also out-of contexts pertaining to the greater social strata (Vilnius, Kernave) as well as the Order. Overall, new stays out-of 92 people were checked in the medieval months. With this search, skeletal stays of all Lithuanian horses known to new article writers out of 3rd–14th C Ad burial internet sites was checked out.

dos. Question and methods

Some of the pony skeletons were improperly managed and you may a bad getting osteometric analysis, therefore, the number of individuals varied regarding examination of their age and you can peak. Age new horses was projected by Over 50 dating sites enamel emergence , wear of incisors, and also the height of the premolars and you may molars . Mixing time of the epiphyses has also been useful the age analysis. Withers height are projected off much time bones dimensions using the corrected coefficients out-of Kiesewalter [34,35]. Ponies had been classified predicated on Brauner’s metacarpal and you will metatarsal slenderness list class . Specifications based on von den Driesh have been made having fun with an osteometric panel and you may a digital caliper with an accuracy out of 0.01 cm. Horse skeletons was sexed according to research by the presence regarding the dog pearly whites from inside the men horses more than 4–five years old. not, in many cases, sex of your animal could not end up being determined because of shed bones. A lot of time bone dimensions, sex, and period of every person are offered inside Dining tables S1–S4. To test to have importance, i utilized a t-shot. Assessed horses’ stays is actually stored in the brand new Zooarchaeological Repository regarding Vilnius University, Faculty of the past. Pony of Varliskes was kept in Kernave Museum, and you can pony skeletons regarding Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you may Salakas was kept in Federal Art gallery out of Lithuania.